Ashutosh Gupta ¹, Varun Krishna ¹, Saarthak Gupta ¹, Jitesh Aggarwal ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Amity University, Noida - 201313,Uttar Pradesh, IN

Abstract

Background/Objectives: India is an agriculture based country. Agriculture is the main source of food for any country and thus it is important to have a proper irrigation system. Due to global warming and many climate changes nowadays there is no fixed time of rain and the amount of rain so there is a great chance of the crops getting destroyed. Less rain leads to under irrigation and excessive rain leads to over irrigation and both these would result in yield reduction. In this paper we introduce a system which can control the irrigation according to the need. Methods/Statistical Analysis: In this paper we introduce a system which can control the irrigation according to the need. This system consists of temperature, moisture and PH sensors which will tell the user about the conditions of the field and according to it the user can control the system. This system is also automatic i.e. we can preset some certain values for the moisture and when the moisture goes below the threshold level the system will automatically switch on the pumps until the moisture level goes to the required. Findings: The system is powered by a renewable source of energy i.e. solar energy. This system is connected to the user by IOT (Internet Of Things) and user can check the status and control the system from the android mobile phone. There is also a LCD which displays the moisture, temperature and the pH of the soil. Application/Improvements: This system can be implemented in farms, parks, horticulture land and wherever there is a need for efficient irrigation system. This system supports aggressive water management for the agriculture land. The design is low power, low cost, small size, robust and highly versatile.

Keywords

Irrigation System, IOT, PH Sensor, Soil Moisture Sensor, Solar Energy, Temperature Sensor.

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Ashutosh Gupta ¹, Sujata Pandey ¹, J. L. Raheja ²

Affiliations
1 Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh-201313, IN
2 CSIR-Central Electronics Engineering Research Institute, Pilani, Rajasthan - 333031, IN

Abstract

Objectives: Topographic map has been studied to observe the amount of neuronal activity at various electrode locations. Methods/Statistical Analysis: Electroencephalography (EEG) refers to recording of electrical activities (potential or current density) produced by neurons. A raw EEG signal obtained through electrodes placed in a specific pattern on the scalp. One of the electrodes needs to be selected as a Reference, relative to which electrical activity at all other electrodes shall be measured. It is usually said that electrodes at “inactive” regions of the scalp should be selected as the reference but this paper deals with analyzing what happens if any other electrode is selected as reference as there is no single best reference for all the purposes. The magnitude of electrical activity at various electrodes is indicated by color codes so that it is visually distinguishable. Findings: The difference in topography of EEG rhythms shall be observed and the extent up to which this is correct with different electrodes as reference would be seen. We observe that asymmetry arises if electrodes are at right or left rather than at Center line. We also observe that the electrodes which are at similar potential as that of the reference is indicated by Red color. Application/Improvements: The electrodes at very high potential than the reference are indicated by yellow whereas blue indicates medium activity w.r.t. the reference. These signals may be used for BCI application.

Keywords

Electroencephalography ( EEG), Neurons, Open Vibe Signal Processing.

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